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Paper and layout
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Aligning and centering instrument names
The horizontal alignment of instrument names is tweaked by changing the
Staff.InstrumentName #'self-alignment-X property. The
\layout variables indent and short-indent define
the space in which the instrument names are aligned before the first
and the following systems, respectively.
\paper { left-margin = 3\cm }
\score {
\new StaffGroup <<
\new Staff \with {
\override InstrumentName.self-alignment-X = #LEFT
instrumentName = \markup \left-column {
"Left aligned"
"instrument name"
}
shortInstrumentName = "Left"
}
{ c''1 \break c''1 }
\new Staff \with {
\override InstrumentName.self-alignment-X = #CENTER
instrumentName = \markup \center-column {
Centered
"instrument name"
}
shortInstrumentName = "Centered"
}
{ g'1 g'1}
\new Staff \with {
\override InstrumentName.self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
instrumentName = \markup \right-column {
"Right aligned"
"instrument name"
}
shortInstrumentName = "Right"
}
{ e'1 e'1 }
>>
\layout {
ragged-right = ##t
indent = 4\cm
short-indent = 2\cm
}
}
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Arranging separate lyrics on a single line
Sometimes you may want to put lyrics for different performers on a
single line: where there is rapidly alternating text, for
example. This snippet shows how this can be done with
\override VerticalAxisGroup.nonstaff-nonstaff-spacing.minimum-distance = ##f.
\layout {
\context {
\Lyrics
\override VerticalAxisGroup.nonstaff-nonstaff-spacing.minimum-distance = ##f
}
}
aliceSings = \markup { \smallCaps "Alice" }
eveSings = \markup { \smallCaps "Eve" }
<<
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "alice" {
f'4^\aliceSings g' r2 |
s1 |
f'4^\aliceSings g' r2 |
s1 | \break
% ...
\voiceOne
s2 a'8^\aliceSings a' b'4 |
\oneVoice
g'1
}
\new Voice = "eve" {
s1 |
a'2^\eveSings g' |
s1 |
a'2^\eveSings g'
% ...
\voiceTwo
f'4^\eveSings a'8 g' f'4 e' |
\oneVoice
s1
}
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "alice" {
may -- be
sec -- ond
% ...
Shut up, you fool!
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "eve" {
that the
words are
% ...
…and then I was like–
}
>>
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Book parts
\bookpart can be used to split a book into several parts. Each
part last page can be affected by ragged-last-bottom. Header and
footer markups can detect a part last page, and make the difference
with the book last page.
#(set-default-paper-size "a6")
\book {
%% book paper, which is inherited by all children bookparts
\paper {
ragged-last-bottom = ##t
%% Page footer: add a different part-tagline at part last page
oddFooterMarkup = \markup {
\column {
\fill-line {
%% Copyright header field only on book first page.
\on-the-fly #first-page \fromproperty #'header:copyright
}
\fill-line {
%% Part tagline header field only on each part last page.
\on-the-fly #part-last-page \fromproperty #'header:parttagline
}
\fill-line {
%% Tagline header field only on book last page.
\on-the-fly #last-page \fromproperty #'header:tagline
}
}
}
}
%% book header, which is inherited by the first bookpart
\header {
title = "Book title"
copyright = "Copyright line on book first page"
parttagline = "Part tagline"
tagline = "Book tagline"
}
\bookpart {
%% a different page breaking function may be used on each part
\paper { page-breaking = #ly:minimal-breaking }
\header { subtitle = "First part" }
\markup { The first book part }
\markup { a page break }
\pageBreak
\markup { first part last page }
\markup \wordwrap { with ragged-last-bottom (see the space below this text) }
}
\bookpart {
\header { subtitle = "Second part" }
{ c'4 }
}
}
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Changing the staff size
Though the simplest way to resize staves is to use
#(set-global-staff-size xx), an individual staff’s size can be
changed by scaling the properties 'staff-space and
fontSize.
<<
\new Staff {
\relative c'' {
\dynamicDown
c8\ff c c c c c c c
}
}
\new Staff \with {
fontSize = #-3
\override StaffSymbol.staff-space = #(magstep -3)
} {
\clef bass
c8 c c c c\f c c c
}
>>
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Clip systems
This code shows how to clip (extract) snippets from a full score.
This file needs to be run separately with -dclip-systems; the
snippets page may not adequately show the results.
The result will be files named ‘base-from-start-to-end[-count].eps’.
If system starts and ends are included, they include extents of the System grob, e.g., instrument names.
Grace notes at the end point of the region are not included.
Regions can span multiple systems. In this case, multiple EPS files are generated.
#(ly:set-option 'clip-systems)
#(define output-suffix "1")
origScore = \score {
\relative c' {
\new Staff \with { instrumentName = "Instrument" }
c1
d1
\grace c16 e1
\key d \major
f1 \break
\clef bass
g,1
fis1
}
}
\book {
\score {
\origScore
\layout {
% Each clip-region is a (START . END) pair
% where both are rhythmic-locations.
% (make-rhythmic-locations BAR-NUMBER NUM DEN)
% means NUM/DEN whole-notes into bar numbered BAR-NUMBER
clip-regions = #(list
(cons
(make-rhythmic-location 2 0 1)
(make-rhythmic-location 4 0 1))
(cons
(make-rhythmic-location 0 0 1)
(make-rhythmic-location 4 0 1))
(cons
(make-rhythmic-location 0 0 1)
(make-rhythmic-location 6 0 1))
)
}
}
}
#(ly:set-option 'clip-systems #f)
#(define output-suffix #f)
\book {
\score { \origScore }
\markup { \bold \fontsize #6 clips }
\score {
\lyrics {
\markup { from-2.0.1-to-4.0.1-clip.eps }
\markup {
\epsfile #X #30.0 #(format #f "~a-1-from-2.0.1-to-4.0.1-clip.eps"
(ly:parser-output-name)) }
}
}
}
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Creating blank staves
To create blank staves, generate empty measures then remove the
Bar_number_engraver from the Score context, and the
Time_signature_engraver, Clef_engraver and
Bar_engraver from the Staff context.
#(set-global-staff-size 20)
\score {
{
\repeat unfold 12 { s1 \break }
}
\layout {
indent = 0\in
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Bar_engraver"
}
\context {
\Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
}
}
% uncomment these lines for "letter" size
%{
\paper {
#(set-paper-size "letter")
ragged-last-bottom = ##f
line-width = 7.5\in
left-margin = 0.5\in
bottom-margin = 0.25\in
top-margin = 0.25\in
}
%}
% uncomment these lines for "A4" size
%{
\paper {
#(set-paper-size "a4")
ragged-last-bottom = ##f
line-width = 180
left-margin = 15
bottom-margin = 10
top-margin = 10
}
%}
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Demonstrating all headers
All header fields with special meanings.
\header {
copyright = "copyright"
title = "title"
subtitle = "subtitle"
composer = "composer"
arranger = "arranger"
instrument = "instrument"
metre = "metre"
opus = "opus"
piece = "piece"
poet = "poet"
texidoc = "All header fields with special meanings."
copyright = "public domain"
enteredby = "jcn"
source = "urtext"
}
\layout {
ragged-right = ##f
}
\score {
\relative c'' { c1 | c | c | c }
}
\score {
\relative c'' { c1 | c | c | c }
\header {
title = "localtitle"
subtitle = "localsubtitle"
composer = "localcomposer"
arranger = "localarranger"
instrument = "localinstrument"
metre = "localmetre"
opus = "localopus"
piece = "localpiece"
poet = "localpoet"
copyright = "localcopyright"
}
}
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Setting system separators
System separators can be inserted between systems. Any markup can be
used, but \slashSeparator has been provided as a sensible
default.
\paper {
system-separator-markup = \slashSeparator
line-width = 120
}
notes = \relative c' {
c1 | c \break
c1 | c \break
c1 | c
}
\book {
\score {
\new GrandStaff <<
\new Staff \notes
\new Staff \notes
>>
}
}
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Table of contents
A table of contents is included using
\markuplist \table-of-contents. The TOC items are added with
the \tocItem command.
#(set-default-paper-size "a6")
\book {
\markuplist \table-of-contents
\pageBreak
\tocItem \markup { The first score }
\score {
{
c'1 \pageBreak
\mark "A" \tocItem \markup { Mark A }
d'1
}
}
\pageBreak
\tocItem \markup { The second score }
\score {
{ e'1 }
\header { piece = "Second score" }
}
}
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Vertical aligned StaffGroups without connecting SystemStartBar
This snippet shows how to achieve vertically aligned StaffGroups with a SystemStartBar for each StaffGroup, but without connecting them.
% by Thomas Morley
#(set-global-staff-size 18)
\paper {
indent = 0
ragged-right = ##f
print-all-headers = ##t
}
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
\consists "Mark_engraver"
\override RehearsalMark.self-alignment-X = #LEFT
}
\context {
\StaffGroup
systemStartDelimiterHierarchy =
#'(SystemStartBrace (SystemStartBracket a b))
}
\context {
\Score
\override SystemStartBrace.style = #'bar-line
\omit SystemStartBar
\override SystemStartBrace.padding = #-0.1
\override SystemStartBrace.thickness = #1.6
\remove "Mark_engraver"
\override StaffGrouper.staffgroup-staff-spacing.basic-distance = #15
}
}
%%%% EXAMPLE
txt =
\lyricmode {
Wer4 nur den lie -- ben Gott läßt wal2 -- ten4
und4 hof -- fet auf ihn al -- le Zeit2.
}
% First StaffGroup "exercise"
eI =
\relative c' {
\mark \markup {
\bold Teacher:
This is a simple setting of the choral. Please improve it.
}
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\voiceOne
\partial 4
e4
a b c b
a b gis2
e4\fermata g! g f
e a a gis
a2.\fermata
\bar ":|."
}
eII =
\relative c' {
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\voiceTwo
\partial 4
c4
e e e gis
a f e2
b4 b d d
c c d d
c2.
\bar ":|."
}
eIII =
\relative c' {
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\clef bass
\voiceOne
\partial 4
a4
c b a b
c d b2
gis4 g g b
c a f e
e2.
}
eIV =
\relative c' {
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\clef bass
\voiceTwo
\partial 4
a,4
a' gis a e
a, d e2
e,4\fermata e' b g
c f d e
a,2.\fermata
\bar ":|."
}
exercise =
\new StaffGroup = "exercise"
<<
\new Staff
<<
\new Voice \eI
\new Voice \eII
>>
\new Lyrics \txt
\new Staff
<<
\new Voice \eIII
\new Voice \eIV
>>
>>
% Second StaffGRoup "simple Bach"
sbI =
\relative c' {
\mark \markup { \bold" Pupil:" Here's my version! }
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\voiceOne
\partial 4
e4
a b c b
a b gis2
e4\fermata g! g f
e a a gis
a2.\fermata
\bar ":|."
}
sbII =
\relative c' {
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\voiceTwo
\partial 4
c8 d
e4 e e8 f g4
f f e2
b4 b8 c d4 d
e8 d c4 b8 c d4
c2.
\bar ":|."
}
sbIII =
\relative c' {
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\clef bass
\voiceOne
\partial 4
a8 b
c4 b a b8 c
d4 d8 c b2
gis4 g g8 a b4
b a8 g f4 e
e2.
}
sbIV =
\relative c' {
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\clef bass
\voiceTwo
\partial 4
a,4
a' gis a e
f8 e d4 e2
e,4\fermata e' b a8 g
c4 f8 e d4 e
a,2.\fermata
\bar ":|."
}
simpleBach =
\new StaffGroup = "simple Bach"
<<
\new Staff
<<
\new Voice \sbI
\new Voice \sbII
>>
\new Lyrics \txt
\new Staff
<<
\new Voice \sbIII
\new Voice \sbIV
>>
>>
% Third StaffGroup "chromatic Bach"
cbI =
\relative c' {
\mark \markup {
\bold "Teacher:"
\column {
"Well, you simply copied and transposed a version of J.S.Bach."
"Do you know this one?"
}
}
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\voiceOne
\partial 4
e4
a b c b
a b gis4. fis8
e4\fermata g! g f
e a a8 b gis4
a2.\fermata
\bar ":|."
}
cbII =
\relative c' {
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\voiceTwo
\partial 4
c8 d
e4 e e8 fis gis4
a8 g! f!4 e2
b4 e e d
d8[ cis] d dis e fis e4
e2.
\bar ":|."
}
cbIII =
\relative c' {
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\clef bass
\voiceOne
\partial 4
a8 b
c[ b] a gis8 a4 d,
e8[ e'] d c b4. a8
gis4 b c d8 c
b[ a] a b c b b c16 d
c2.
}
cbIV =
\relative c' {
\key a \minor
\time 4/4
\clef bass
\voiceTwo
\partial 4
a4
c, e a, b
c d e2
e4\fermata e a b8 c
gis[ g] fis f e dis e4
a,2.\fermata
\bar ":|."
}
chromaticBach =
\new StaffGroup = "chromatic Bach"
<<
\new Staff
<<
\new Voice \cbI
\new Voice \cbII
>>
\new Lyrics \txt
\new Staff
<<
\new Voice \cbIII
\new Voice \cbIV
>>
>>
% Score
\score {
<<
\exercise
\simpleBach
\chromaticBach
>>
\header {
title = \markup
\column {
\combine \null \vspace #1
"Exercise: Improve the given choral"
" "
}
}
\layout {
\context {
\Lyrics
\override LyricText.X-offset = #-1
}
}
}
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